The Timeline1225–1994 · by birth

The
Timeline

Every entry placed on the year it began — a chronological spine of the people who shape culture, design, and ideas.

Span1225–1994

Born

Name / Known forFieldLife

1220s1 entry

Thomas AquinasPhilosopher, Theologian

Ideas25 January 1225 – 7 March 1274

1260s1 entry

Dante AlighieriPoet

Literature30 May 1265 – 13 September 1321

1330s1 entry

Ibn KhaldunHistorian, Philosopher

Ideas27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406

1340s1 entry

Geoffrey ChaucerPoet

Literature1343 – 25 October 1400

1390s1 entry

Jan van EyckPainter

Art1390 – 9 July 1441

1440s1 entry

Sandro BotticelliPainter

Art1445 – 1510

1450s2 entries

Hieronymus BoschPainter

Art1450 – August 1516

Leonardo da VinciPainter, Polymath

Art · Science · Ideas15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519

1470s3 entries

Albrecht DürerPainter, Printmaker

Art21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528

Nicolaus CopernicusAstronomer

Science19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543

MichelangeloSculptor, Painter

Art6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564

1480s2 entries

Art6 April 1483 – 6 April 1520

Art1488 – 26 September 1576

1490s1 entry

Claude GaramondType Designer, Punchcutter

Design1499 – 1561

1520s1 entry

Pieter Bruegel the ElderPainter

Art1525 – 9 September 1569

1540s1 entry

Miguel de CervantesNovelist

Literature29 September 1547 – 22 April 1616

1560s3 entries

Galileo GalileiAstronomer, Physicist

Science15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642

William ShakespearePlaywright, Poet

LiteratureApril 1564 – 23 April 1616

Claudio MonteverdiComposer

Music15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643

1570s3 entries

CaravaggioPainter

Art29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610

Johannes KeplerAstronomer

Science27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630

Peter Paul RubensPainter

Art28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640

1590s3 entries

Artemisia GentileschiPainter

Art8 July 1593 – 1653

René DescartesPhilosopher, Mathematician

Ideas · Science31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650

Diego VelázquezPainter

Art6 June 1599 – 6 August 1660

1600s2 entries

RembrandtPainter

Art15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669

John MiltonPoet

Literature9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674

1620s2 entries

MolièrePlaywright

Literature15 January 1622 – 17 February 1673

Blaise PascalMathematician, Philosopher

Ideas · Science19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662

1630s3 entries

John LockePhilosopher

Ideas29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704

Baruch SpinozaPhilosopher

Ideas24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677

Johannes VermeerPainter

ArtOctober 1632 – 15 December 1675

1640s2 entries

Isaac NewtonPhysicist, Mathematician

Science25 December 1642 – 31 March 1727

Gottfried Wilhelm LeibnizPhilosopher, Mathematician

Ideas · Science21 June 1646 – 14 November 1716

1650s1 entry

Henry PurcellComposer

Music10 September 1659 – 21 November 1695

1670s1 entry

Antonio VivaldiComposer

Music4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741

1680s2 entries

Johann Sebastian BachComposer

Music21 March 1685 – 28 July 1750

George Frideric HandelComposer

Music23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759

1690s2 entries

William CaslonType Designer

Design1692 – 23 January 1766

VoltairePhilosopher, Writer

Ideas · Literature21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778

1700s2 entries

John BaskervilleType Designer, Printer

Design28 January 1706 – 8 January 1775

Leonhard EulerMathematician

Science15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783

1710s2 entries

David HumePhilosopher

Ideas26 April 1711 – 25 August 1776

Jean-Jacques RousseauPhilosopher

Ideas28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778

1720s1 entry

Immanuel KantPhilosopher

Ideas22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804

1730s1 entry

Joseph HaydnComposer

Music31 March 1732 – 31 May 1809

1740s3 entries

Giambattista BodoniType Designer, Printer

Design26 February 1740 – 30 November 1813

Francisco GoyaPainter

Art30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828

Johann Wolfgang von GoetheWriter, Poet

Literature28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832

1750s3 entries

Wolfgang Amadeus MozartComposer

Music27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791

William BlakePoet, Artist

Literature · Art28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827

Friedrich SchillerPlaywright, Poet

Literature10 November 1759 – 9 May 1805

1760s1 entry

Katsushika HokusaiArtist, Printmaker

Art31 October 1760 – 10 May 1849

1770s7 entries

Ludwig van BeethovenComposer, Pianist, Conductor

Music17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827

William WordsworthPoet

Literature7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850

Caspar David FriedrichPainter

Art5 September 1774 – 7 May 1840

Jane AustenNovelist

Literature16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817

J. M. W. TurnerPainter

Art23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851

John ConstablePainter

Art11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837

Carl Friedrich GaussMathematician

Science30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855

1780s1 entry

Literature22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824

1790s9 entries

Charles BabbageMathematician, Inventor

Science26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871

Michael FaradayPhysicist, Chemist

Science22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867

Gioachino RossiniComposer

Music29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868

Percy Bysshe ShelleyPoet

Literature4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822

Literature31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821

Franz SchubertComposer

Music31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828

Mary ShelleyNovelist

Literature30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851

Eugène DelacroixPainter

Art26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863

Honoré de BalzacNovelist

Literature20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850

1800s6 entries

Victor HugoNovelist, Poet

Literature26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885

Hector BerliozComposer

Music11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869

Ralph Waldo EmersonWriter, Philosopher

Literature · Ideas25 May 1803 – 27 April 1882

Charles DarwinNaturalist, Biologist

Science12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882

Felix MendelssohnComposer

Music3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847

Edgar Allan PoeWriter, Poet

Literature19 January 1809 – 7 October 1849

1810s17 entries

Frédéric ChopinComposer, Pianist

Music22 February 1810 – 17 October 1849

Robert SchumannComposer

Music8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856

Évariste GaloisMathematician

Science25 October 1811 – 31 May 1832

Franz LisztComposer, Pianist

Music22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886

Charles DickensNovelist

Literature7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870

Giuseppe VerdiComposer

Music10 April 1813 – 27 January 1901

Richard WagnerComposer

Music22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883

Ada LovelaceMathematician, Writer

Science10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852

Charlotte BrontëNovelist

Literature21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855

Henry David ThoreauWriter, Philosopher

Literature · Ideas12 July 1817 – 6 May 1862

Emily BrontëNovelist

Literature30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848

Karl MarxPhilosopher, Economist

Ideas5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883

Gustave CourbetPainter

Art10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877

George EliotNovelist

Literature22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880

Herman MelvilleNovelist

Literature1 August 1819 – 28 September 1891

Clara SchumannPianist, Composer

Music13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896

Walt WhitmanPoet

Literature31 May 1819 – 26 March 1892

1820s5 entries

Fyodor DostoevskyNovelist

Literature11 November 1821 – 28 January 1881

Louis PasteurChemist, Microbiologist

Science27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895

Anton BrucknerComposer

Music4 September 1824 – 11 October 1896

Bernhard RiemannMathematician

Science17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866

Leo TolstoyNovelist

Literature28 August 1828 – 7 November 1910

1830s10 entries

Emily DickinsonPoet

Literature10 December 1830 – 15 May 1886

Camille PissarroPainter

Art10 July 1830 – 13 November 1903

James Clerk MaxwellPhysicist

Science13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879

Lewis CarrollWriter

Literature27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898

Édouard ManetPainter

Art23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883

Johannes BrahmsComposer

Music7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897

Edgar DegasPainter

Art19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917

Mark TwainWriter

Literature30 November 1835 – 21 April 1910

Paul CézannePainter

Art19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906

Modest MussorgskyComposer

Music9 March 1839 – 16 March 1881

1840s14 entries

Thomas HardyNovelist, Poet

Literature2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928

Claude MonetPainter

Art14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926

Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyComposer

Music25 April 1840 – 25 October 1893

Antonín DvořákComposer

Music8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904

Berthe MorisotPainter

Art14 January 1841 – 2 March 1895

Pierre-Auguste RenoirPainter

Art25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919

Otto WagnerArchitect

Architecture13 July 1841 – 11 April 1918

Edvard GriegComposer

Music15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907

Henry JamesNovelist

Literature15 April 1843 – 28 February 1916

Mary CassattPainter

Art22 May 1844 – 14 June 1926

Friedrich NietzschePhilosopher

Ideas15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900

Nikolai Rimsky-KorsakovComposer

Music6 March 1844 – 20 June 1908

Georg CantorMathematician

Science19 February 1845 – 6 January 1918

Gabriel FauréComposer

Music12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924

1850s14 entries

Antoni GaudíArchitect

Architecture25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926

Vincent van GoghPainter

Art30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890

Leoš JanáčekComposer

Music3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928

Henri PoincaréMathematician

Science29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912

Oscar WildeWriter, Playwright

Literature16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900

Sigmund FreudPsychoanalyst

Ideas · Science6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939

Louis SullivanArchitect

Architecture3 September 1856 – 14 April 1924

Nikola TeslaInventor, Engineer

Science10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943

Joseph ConradNovelist

Literature3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924

Edward ElgarComposer

Music2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934

Max PlanckPhysicist

Science23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947

Giacomo PucciniComposer

Music22 December 1858 – 29 November 1924

Arthur Conan DoyleNovelist

Literature22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930

Georges SeuratPainter

Art2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891

1860s22 entries

Anton ChekhovPlaywright, Writer

Literature17 January 1860 – 2 July 1904

Gustav MahlerComposer, Conductor

Music7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911

Georges MélièsFilmmaker

Film8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938

Rabindranath TagorePoet, Writer

Literature7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941

Claude DebussyComposer

Music22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918

David HilbertMathematician

Science23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943

Gustav KlimtPainter

Art14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918

Hilma af KlintPainter

Art26 October 1862 – 21 October 1944

Edvard MunchPainter

Art12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944

Paul SignacPainter

Art11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935

Alfred StieglitzPhotographer

Photography1 January 1864 – 13 July 1946

Henri de Toulouse-LautrecPainter

Art24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901

Jean SibeliusComposer

Music8 December 1865 – 20 September 1957

Wassily KandinskyPainter, Art Theorist

Art16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944

Erik SatieComposer

Music17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925

Pierre BonnardPainter

Art3 October 1867 – 23 January 1947

Marie CuriePhysicist, Chemist

Science7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934

Frank Lloyd WrightArchitect, Designer, Educator

Architecture8 June 1867 – 9 April 1959

Peter BehrensArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940

W. E. B. Du BoisSociologist, Writer

Ideas23 February 1868 – 27 August 1963

Charles Rennie MackintoshArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design · Art7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928

Henri MatissePainter

Art31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954

1870s22 entries

Josef HoffmannArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design15 December 1870 – 7 May 1956

Adolf LoosArchitect

Architecture10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933

Marcel ProustNovelist

Literature10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922

Piet MondrianPainter

Art7 March 1872 – 1 February 1944

Ralph Vaughan WilliamsComposer

Music12 October 1872 – 26 August 1958

Sergei RachmaninoffComposer, Pianist

Music1 April 1873 – 28 March 1943

Eliel SaarinenArchitect

Architecture20 August 1873 – 1 July 1950

Arnold SchoenbergComposer

Music13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951

Carl JungPsychoanalyst

Ideas · Science1875-07-26 – 1961-06-06

Thomas MannNovelist

Literature6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955

Maurice RavelComposer

Music7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937

Rainer Maria RilkePoet

Literature4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926

Constantin BrâncușiSculptor

Art19 February 1876 – 16 March 1957

Madeleine VionnetFashion Designer

Fashion22 June 1876 – 2 March 1975

Eileen GrayDesigner, Architect

Design · Architecture8 August 1878 – 31 October 1976

Lise MeitnerPhysicist

ScienceNovember 1878 – 27 October 1968

Paul RennerType Designer

Design9 August 1878 – 25 April 1956

Albert EinsteinPhysicist

Science14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955

Paul KleePainter

Art18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940

Kazimir MalevichPainter, Art Theorist

Art23 February 1879 – 15 May 1935

Paul PoiretFashion Designer

Fashion20 April 1879 – 30 April 1944

Edward SteichenPhotographer

Photography27 March 1879 – 25 March 1973

1880s38 entries

Béla BartókComposer

Music25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945

Fernand LégerPainter

Art4 February 1881 – 17 August 1955

Pablo PicassoPainter, Sculptor

Art25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973

Georges BraquePainter

Art13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963

Eric GillType Designer, Sculptor

Design · Art22 February 1882 – 17 November 1940

James JoyceNovelist

Literature2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941

Emmy NoetherMathematician

Science23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935

Igor StravinskyComposer, Conductor

Music17 June 1882 – 6 April 1971

Virginia WoolfNovelist, Essayist, Critic

Literature25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941

Coco ChanelFashion Designer

Fashion19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971

Imogen CunninghamPhotographer

Photography12 April 1883 – 23 June 1976

Walter GropiusArchitect

Architecture · Design18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969

Franz KafkaWriter

Literature3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924

Amedeo ModiglianiPainter

Art12 July 1884 – 24 January 1920

Niels BohrPhysicist

Science7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962

Jean ArpSculptor

Art16 September 1886 – 7 June 1966

Ludwig Mies van der RoheArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design27 March 1886 – 17 August 1969

Edward WestonPhotographer

Photography24 March 1886 – 1 January 1958

Marc ChagallPainter

Art14 July 1887 – 28 March 1985

Le CorbusierArchitect, Designer, Urban Planner

Architecture · Design6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965

Marcel DuchampArtist

Art28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968

Erich MendelsohnArchitect

Architecture21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953

Georgia O'KeeffePainter

Art15 November 1887 – 6 March 1986

Srinivasa RamanujanMathematician

Science22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920

Erwin SchrödingerPhysicist

Science12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961

Kurt SchwittersArtist

Art20 June 1887 – 8 January 1948

Josef AlbersPainter, Educator

Design · Art19 March 1888 – 25 March 1976

Giorgio de ChiricoPainter

Art10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978

T. S. EliotPoet

Literature26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965

F. W. MurnauDirector

Film28 December 1888 – 11 March 1931

Fernando PessoaPoet

Literature13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935

Gerrit RietveldArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design24 June 1888 – 25 June 1964

Anna AkhmatovaPoet

Literature11 June 1889 – 5 March 1966

Charlie ChaplinDirector, Actor

Film16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977

Carl Theodor DreyerDirector

Film3 February 1889 – 20 March 1968

Hannah HöchArtist

Art1 November 1889 – 31 May 1978

Stanley MorisonTypographer

Design6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967

Ludwig WittgensteinPhilosopher

Ideas26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951

1890s42 entries

Fritz LangDirector

Film5 December 1890 – 2 August 1976

El LissitzkyArtist, Designer

Design · Art10 November 1890 – 30 December 1941

Man RayPhotographer, Artist

Photography · Art27 August 1890 – 18 November 1976

Elsa SchiaparelliFashion Designer

Fashion10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973

Egon SchielePainter

Art12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918

Paul StrandPhotographer

Photography16 October 1890 – 31 March 1976

Max ErnstPainter

Art2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976

Gio PontiArchitect, Designer

Design · Architecture18 November 1891 – 16 September 1979

Sergei ProkofievComposer

Music23 April 1891 – 5 March 1953

Walter BenjaminPhilosopher, Critic

Ideas15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940

Richard NeutraArchitect

Architecture8 April 1892 – 16 April 1970

Marianne BrandtDesigner, Artist

Design · Art1 October 1893 – 18 June 1983

Raymond LoewyIndustrial Designer

Design5 November 1893 – 14 July 1986

Joan MiróPainter

Art20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983

John FordDirector

Film1 February 1894 – 31 August 1973

André KertészPhotographer

Photography2 July 1894 – 28 September 1985

Jean RenoirDirector, Actor, Producer

Film15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979

Norbert WienerMathematician

Science26 November 1894 – 18 March 1964

Cristóbal BalenciagaFashion Designer

Fashion21 January 1895 – 23 March 1972

Buckminster FullerArchitect, Inventor

Architecture · Design · Ideas1895-07-12 – 1983-07-01

Buster KeatonDirector, Actor

Film4 October 1895 – 1 February 1966

Dorothea LangePhotographer, Photojournalist

Photography26 May 1895 – 11 October 1965

László Moholy-NagyArtist, Photographer

Design · Art · Photography20 July 1895 – 24 November 1946

Dziga VertovFilmmaker

Film21 December 1895 – 12 February 1954

William FaulknerNovelist

Literature25 September 1897 – 6 July 1962

Ladislav SutnarGraphic Designer

Design9 November 1897 – 13 November 1976

Alvar AaltoArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976

Berenice AbbottPhotographer

Photography1898-07-17 – 1991-12-09

Alexey BrodovitchArt Director, Designer

Design · Photography1 May 1898 – 15 April 1971

Alexander CalderSculptor

Art22 July 1898 – 11 November 1976

Sergei EisensteinDirector

Film10 January 1898 – 11 February 1948

Federico García LorcaPoet, Playwright

Literature5 June 1898 – 18 August 1936

René MagrittePainter

Art21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967

Kenji MizoguchiDirector

Film16 May 1898 – 24 August 1956

Henry MooreSculptor

Art30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986

Jorge Luis BorgesWriter, Poet

Literature24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986

BrassaïPhotographer, Sculptor, Writer

Photography9 September 1899 – 8 July 1984

Duke EllingtonComposer, Bandleader

Music29 April 1899 – 24 May 1974

Ernest HemingwayNovelist

Literature21 July 1899 – 2 July 1961

Alfred HitchcockFilm Director, Producer

Film13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980

Yasunari KawabataNovelist

Literature11 June 1899 – 16 April 1972

Vladimir NabokovNovelist

Literature10 April 1899 – 2 July 1977

1900s60 entries

Herbert BayerGraphic Designer, Artist

Design · Art5 April 1900 – 30 September 1985

Luis BuñuelDirector

Film22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983

Wilhelm WagenfeldIndustrial Designer

Design15 April 1900 – 28 May 1990

Beatrice WardeTypographer, Writer

Design20 September 1900 – 16 September 1969

Louis ArmstrongTrumpeter, Singer

Music4 August 1901 – 6 July 1971

Robert BressonDirector

Film25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999

A. M. CassandrePoster Designer, Typographer

Design24 January 1901 – 17 June 1968

Vittorio De SicaDirector, Actor

Film7 July 1901 – 13 November 1974

Alberto GiacomettiSculptor, Painter

Art10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966

Werner HeisenbergPhysicist

Science5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976

Louis KahnArchitect

Architecture20 February 1901 – 17 March 1974

Jean ProuvéDesigner, Engineer

Design · Architecture8 April 1901 – 23 March 1984

Ansel AdamsPhotographer, Environmentalist

Photography20 February 1902 – 22 April 1984

Luis BarragánArchitect

Architecture9 March 1902 – 22 November 1988

Marcel BreuerArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design21 May 1902 – 1 July 1981

Barbara McClintockGeneticist

Science16 June 1902 – 2 September 1992

Jan TschicholdTypographer, Type Designer, Book Designer

Design2 April 1902 – 11 August 1974

Lester BeallGraphic Designer

Design1903 – 1969

Walker EvansPhotographer

Photography3 November 1903 – 10 April 1975

Barbara HepworthSculptor

Art10 January 1903 – 20 May 1975

John von NeumannMathematician

Science28 December 1903 – 8 February 1957

George OrwellNovelist, Essayist

Literature25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950

Yasujirō OzuDirector

Film12 December 1903 – 12 December 1963

Charlotte PerriandDesigner, Architect

Design · Architecture24 October 1903 – 27 October 1999

Mark RothkoPainter

Art25 September 1903 – 25 February 1970

Diana VreelandEditor

Fashion29 September 1903 – 22 August 1989

Margaret Bourke-WhitePhotographer

Photography1904 – 27 August 1971

Salvador DalíPainter

Art11 May 1904 – 23 January 1989

Henry DreyfussIndustrial Designer

Design2 March 1904 – 5 October 1972

Willem de KooningPainter

Art24 April 1904 – 19 March 1997

Pablo NerudaPoet

Literature12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973

Isamu NoguchiSculptor, Designer

Art · Design17 November 1904 – 30 December 1988

J. Robert OppenheimerPhysicist

Science22 April 1904 – 18 February 1967

Christian DiorFashion Designer

Fashion21 January 1905 – 24 October 1957

Jean-Paul SartrePhilosopher

Ideas · Literature21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980

Hannah ArendtPhilosopher, Political Theorist

Ideas14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975

Samuel BeckettPlaywright, Novelist

Literature13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989

Kurt GödelMathematician, Logician

Science · Ideas28 April 1906 – 14 January 1978

Grace HopperComputer Scientist, Naval Officer

Science9 December 1906 – 1 January 1992

Philip JohnsonArchitect

Architecture8 July 1906 – 25 January 2007

Roberto RosselliniDirector, Screenwriter, Producer

Film8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977

Carlo ScarpaArchitect

Architecture1906-06-02 – 1978-11-28

Dmitri ShostakovichComposer

Music25 September 1906 – 9 August 1975

Luchino ViscontiDirector, Screenwriter

Film2 November 1906 – 17 March 1976

Billy WilderDirector

Film22 June 1906 – 27 March 2002

Rachel CarsonBiologist, Writer

Science27 May 1907 – 14 April 1964

Charles EamesDesigner, Architect, Filmmaker

Design · Architecture17 June 1907 – 21 August 1978

Frida KahloPainter

Art6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954

Herbert MatterGraphic Designer, Photographer

Design · Photography25 April 1907 – 8 May 1984

Bruno MunariArtist, Designer

Design · Art24 October 1907 – 30 September 1998

Oscar NiemeyerArchitect

Architecture15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012

Jacques TatiDirector, Actor, Screenwriter

Film9 October 1907 – 5 November 1982

Simone de BeauvoirPhilosopher, Writer

Ideas · Literature9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986

Max BillDesigner, Artist, Architect

Design · Art · Architecture22 December 1908 – 9 December 1994

Henri Cartier-BressonPhotographer, Photojournalist

Photography22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004

Yousuf KarshPhotographer

Photography23 December 1908 – 13 July 2002

David LeanDirector

Film25 March 1908 – 16 April 1991

George NelsonIndustrial Designer

Design29 May 1908 – 5 March 1986

Cipe PinelesArt Director

Design23 June 1908 – 3 January 1991

Francis BaconPainter

Art28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992

1910s47 entries

Akira KurosawaFilm Director, Screenwriter

Film23 March 1910 – 6 September 1998

Max MiedingerType Designer

Design24 December 1910 – 8 March 1980

Eero SaarinenArchitect

Architecture · Design20 August 1910 – 1 September 1961

Gerda TaroPhotographer

Photography1 August 1910 – 26 July 1937

Louise BourgeoisSculptor, Artist

Art25 December 1911 – 31 May 2010

Marshall McLuhanMedia Theorist, Literary Scholar

Ideas21 July 1911 – 31 December 1980

Michelangelo AntonioniDirector

Film29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007

John CageComposer

Music5 September 1912 – 12 August 1992

Harry CallahanPhotographer, Educator

Photography22 October 1912 – 15 March 1999

Robert DoisneauPhotographer

Photography14 April 1912 – 1 April 1994

Ray EamesDesigner, Artist

Design15 December 1912 – 21 August 1988

Agnes MartinPainter

Art22 March 1912 – 16 December 2004

Gordon ParksPhotographer, Film Director, Writer

Photography · Film30 November 1912 – 7 March 2006

Jackson PollockPainter

Art28 January 1912 – 11 August 1956

Alan TuringMathematician, Computer Scientist, Cryptanalyst

Science23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954

Benjamin BrittenComposer

Music22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976

Albert CamusWriter, Philosopher

Ideas · Literature7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960

Robert CapaPhotographer

Photography22 October 1913 – 25 May 1954

Paul ErdősMathematician

Science26 March 1913 – 20 September 1996

Kenzō TangeArchitect, Urban Planner

Architecture4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005

Lina Bo BardiArchitect

Architecture5 December 1914 – 20 March 1992

Julio CortázarWriter

Literature26 August 1914 – 12 February 1984

Josef Müller-BrockmannGraphic Designer, Typographer, Educator

Design9 May 1914 – 30 August 1996

Paul RandGraphic Designer, Art Director

Design15 August 1914 – 26 November 1996

Emil RuderTypographer, Educator

Design20 March 1914 – 13 March 1970

Roland BarthesCritic, Theorist

Ideas12 November 1915 – 26 March 1980

Billie HolidaySinger

Music7 April 1915 – 17 July 1959

Yusaku KamekuraGraphic Designer

Design6 April 1915 – 11 May 1997

Alvin LustigGraphic Designer

Design8 February 1915 – 4 December 1955

Orson WellesDirector, Actor

Film6 May 1915 – 10 October 1985

Sori YanagiIndustrial Designer

Design29 June 1915 – 25 December 2011

Claude ShannonMathematician, Engineer

Science30 April 1916 – 24 February 2001

Ella FitzgeraldSinger

Music25 April 1917 – 15 June 1996

Florence KnollDesigner, Architect

Design · Architecture24 May 1917 – 25 January 2019

Jean-Pierre MelvilleDirector, Actor

Film20 October 1917 – 2 August 1973

Thelonious MonkPianist, Composer

Music10 October 1917 – 17 February 1982

I. M. PeiArchitect

Architecture26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019

Irving PennPhotographer

Photography16 June 1917 – 7 October 2009

Ettore SottsassDesigner, Architect

Design · Architecture14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007

Ingmar BergmanFilm Director, Screenwriter

Film14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007

Leonard BernsteinComposer, Conductor

Music25 August 1918 – 14 October 1990

Achille CastiglioniIndustrial Designer

Design16 February 1918 – 2 December 2002

Richard FeynmanPhysicist

Science11 May 1918 – 15 February 1988

Katherine JohnsonMathematician

Science26 August 1918 – 24 February 2020

Herb LubalinGraphic Designer, Typographer

Design17 March 1918 – 24 May 1981

Jørn UtzonArchitect

Architecture9 April 1918 – 29 November 2008

Hermann ZapfType Designer, Calligrapher

Design8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015

1920s60 entries

Saul BassGraphic Designer, Title Designer

Design · Film8 May 1920 – 25 April 1996

Federico FelliniFilm Director, Screenwriter

Film20 January 1920 – 31 October 1993

Rosalind FranklinChemist, X-ray Crystallographer

Science25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958

Armin HofmannGraphic Designer, Educator

Design29 June 1920 – 29 June 2020

Clarice LispectorWriter

Literature10 December 1920 – 9 December 1977

Charlie ParkerSaxophonist

Music29 August 1920 – 12 March 1955

Éric RohmerDirector, Film Critic, Screenwriter, Novelist

Film21 March 1920 – 11 January 2010

Ravi ShankarSitarist, Composer

Music7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012

Joseph BeuysArtist

Art12 May 1921 – 23 January 1986

Astor PiazzollaComposer, Bandoneonist

Music11 March 1921 – 4 July 1992

Satyajit RayDirector

Film2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992

Otl AicherGraphic Designer, Typographer

Design13 May 1922 – 1 September 1991

Pierre CardinFashion Designer

Fashion2 July 1922 – 29 December 2020

Pier Paolo PasoliniDirector, Poet, Novelist, Screenwriter

Film · Literature5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975

Alain ResnaisDirector, Screenwriter

Film3 June 1922 – 1 March 2014

Diane ArbusPhotographer

Photography14 March 1923 – 26 July 1971

Richard AvedonPhotographer

Photography · Fashion15 May 1923 – 1 October 2004

Italo CalvinoNovelist, Short Story Writer

Literature15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985

Saul LeiterPhotographer, Painter

Photography3 December 1923 – 26 November 2013

Roy LichtensteinPainter

Art27 October 1923 – 15 September 1997

James BaldwinNovelist, Essayist

Literature · Ideas2 August 1924 – 1 December 1987

Robert FrankPhotographer

Photography9 November 1924 – 9 September 2019

Benoit MandelbrotMathematician

Science20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010

Sergei ParajanovDirector

Film9 January 1924 – 20 July 1990

Muriel CooperGraphic Designer

Design1925 – 26 May 1994

Douglas EngelbartEngineer, Inventor

Science30 January 1925 – 2 July 2013

Frantz FanonPhilosopher, Writer

Ideas20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961

Yukio MishimaNovelist

Literature14 January 1925 – 25 November 1970

Robert RauschenbergArtist

Art22 October 1925 – 12 May 2008

Robert VenturiArchitect

Architecture25 June 1925 – 18 September 2018

John ColtraneSaxophonist, Composer

Music23 September 1926 – 17 July 1967

Miles DavisTrumpeter, Bandleader, Composer

Music26 May 1926 – 28 September 1991

Michel FoucaultPhilosopher, Historian

Ideas15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984

William KleinPhotographer, Filmmaker

Photography19 April 1926 – 10 September 2022

Vivian MaierPhotographer

Photography1 February 1926 – 21 April 2009

James StirlingArchitect

Architecture22 April 1926 – 25 June 1992

Andrzej WajdaDirector

Film6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016

Balkrishna DoshiArchitect, Educator

Architecture26 August 1927 – 24 January 2023

Gabriel García MárquezNovelist, Journalist

Literature6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014

Hubert de GivenchyFashion Designer

Fashion20 February 1927 – 10 March 2018

Maya AngelouPoet, Memoirist

Literature4 April 1928 – 28 May 2014

Noam ChomskyLinguist, Philosopher, Political Activist

Ideasb. 7 December 1928

Wim CrouwelGraphic Designer, Typographer

Design21 November 1928 – 19 September 2019

Elliott ErwittPhotographer

Photography26 July 1928 – 30 November 2023

Adrian FrutigerType Designer

Design24 May 1928 – 10 September 2015

Donald JuddArtist, Sculptor

Art3 June 1928 – 12 February 1994

Stanley KubrickFilm Director, Screenwriter, Producer

Film26 July 1928 – 7 March 1999

Sol LeWittArtist

Art9 September 1928 – 8 April 2007

Fumihiko MakiArchitect

Architecture6 September 1928 – 6 June 2024

Ennio MorriconeComposer

Music · Film10 November 1928 – 6 July 2020

Vera RubinAstronomer

Science23 July 1928 – 25 December 2016

Agnès VardaFilm Director, Photographer

Film30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019

Andy WarholArtist

Art6 August 1928 – 22 February 1987

Garry WinograndPhotographer

Photography14 January 1928 – 29 March 1984

Kenji EkuanIndustrial Designer

Design11 September 1929 – 8 February 2015

Frank GehryArchitect, Designer

Architecture28 February 1929 – 16 May 2025

Milton GlaserGraphic Designer, Illustrator

Design26 June 1929 – 26 June 2020

Yayoi KusamaArtist

Artb. 22 March 1929

Ursula K. Le GuinNovelist

Literature21 October 1929 – 22 January 2018

Sergio LeoneDirector, Screenwriter

Film3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989

1930s58 entries

Chinua AchebeNovelist

Literature16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013

Charles CorreaArchitect

Architecture1 September 1930 – 16 June 2015

Edsger W. DijkstraComputer Scientist

Science11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002

Karl GerstnerGraphic Designer

Design2 July 1930 – 1 January 2017

Jean-Luc GodardDirector

Film3 December 1930 – 13 September 2022

Jasper JohnsPainter

Artb. 15 May 1930

Ikko TanakaGraphic Designer

Design13 January 1930 – 10 January 2002

Bernd and Hilla BecherPhotographers

Photography · ArtBernd 1931 · Hilla 1934 – Bernd 2007 · Hilla 2015

Seymour ChwastGraphic Designer, Illustrator

Designb. 18 August 1931

Arata IsozakiArchitect

Architecture23 July 1931 – 28 December 2022

Toni MorrisonNovelist, Editor

Literature18 February 1931 – 5 August 2019

Bridget RileyPainter

Artb. 24 April 1931

Aldo RossiArchitect

Architecture3 May 1931 – 4 September 1997

Denise Scott BrownArchitect, Urban Planner

Architectureb. 3 October 1931

Deborah SussmanGraphic Designer

Design26 May 1931 – 20 August 2014

Massimo VignelliGraphic Designer, Designer

Design10 January 1931 – 27 May 2014

Shigeo FukudaGraphic Designer

Design4 February 1932 – 11 January 2009

HalstonFashion Designer

Fashion23 April 1932 – 26 March 1990

Enzo MariDesigner

Design27 April 1932 – 19 October 2020

Nagisa ŌshimaDirector

Film31 March 1932 – 15 January 2013

Nam June PaikArtist

Art20 July 1932 – 29 January 2006

Sylvia PlathPoet

Literature27 October 1932 – 11 February 1963

Dieter RamsIndustrial Designer

Designb. 20 May 1932

Gerhard RichterPainter

Artb. 9 February 1932

Andrei TarkovskyFilm Director, Screenwriter

Film4 April 1932 – 29 December 1986

François TruffautDirector

Film6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984

Karl LagerfeldFashion Designer

Fashion10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019

Richard RogersArchitect

Architecture23 July 1933 – 18 December 2021

Nina SimoneSinger, Pianist, Songwriter

Music21 February 1933 – 21 April 2003

Álvaro SizaArchitect

Architectureb. 25 June 1933

Susan SontagWriter, Critic

Ideas · Literature16 January 1933 – 28 December 2004

Giorgio ArmaniFashion Designer

Fashion11 July 1934 – 4 September 2025

Lee FriedlanderPhotographer

Photographyb. 14 July 1934

Michael GravesArchitect, Designer

Architecture · Design9 July 1934 – 12 March 2015

Shiro KuramataDesigner

Design29 November 1934 – 1 February 1991

Kisho KurokawaArchitect

Architecture8 April 1934 – 12 October 2007

Carl SaganAstronomer, Science Communicator, Author

Science9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996

Azzedine AlaïaFashion Designer

Fashion26 February 1935 – 18 November 2017

Norman FosterArchitect

Architectureb. 1 June 1935

Arvo PärtComposer

Musicb. 11 September 1935

Margaret HamiltonComputer Scientist

Scienceb. 17 August 1936

Eva HesseSculptor

Art11 January 1936 – 29 May 1970

Yves Saint LaurentFashion Designer

Fashion1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008

Glenn MurcuttArchitect

Architectureb. 25 July 1936

Steve ReichComposer

Musicb. 3 October 1936

Tadanori YokooGraphic Designer, Artist

Design · Artb. 27 June 1936

Matthew CarterType Designer

Designb. 1 October 1937

Philip GlassComposer, Pianist

Musicb. 31 January 1937

David HockneyPainter

Art9 July 1937 – 10 January 2026

Rafael MoneoArchitect

Architectureb. 9 May 1937

Renzo PianoArchitect

Architectureb. 14 September 1937

Donald KnuthComputer Scientist

Scienceb. 10 January 1938

Josef KoudelkaPhotographer

Photographyb. 10 January 1938

Fela KutiMusician

Music15 October 1938 – 2 August 1997

Issey MiyakeFashion Designer

Fashion22 April 1938 – 5 August 2022

Richard SerraSculptor

Art2 November 1938 – 26 March 2024

Francis Ford CoppolaDirector

Filmb. 7 April 1939

William EgglestonPhotographer

Photographyb. 27 July 1939

1940s45 entries

Abbas KiarostamiDirector

Film22 June 1940 – 4 July 2016

Mary Ellen MarkPhotographer

Photography20 March 1940 – 25 May 2015

Tadao AndoArchitect

Architectureb. 13 September 1941

Bernardo BertolucciDirector, Screenwriter

Film16 March 1941 – 22 November 2018

Bob DylanSinger-Songwriter

Music · Literatureb. 24 May 1941

Toyo ItoArchitect

Architectureb. 1 June 1941

Krzysztof KieślowskiDirector

Film27 June 1941 – 13 March 1996

Hayao MiyazakiAnimator, Film Director

Filmb. 5 January 1941

Dennis RitchieComputer Scientist

Science9 September 1941 – 12 October 2011

Wolfgang WeingartTypographer

DesignFebruary 1941 – 12 July 2021

Vivienne WestwoodFashion Designer

Fashion8 April 1941 – 29 December 2022

Aretha FranklinSinger, Pianist, Songwriter

Music25 March 1942 – 16 August 2018

Michael HanekeDirector

Filmb. 23 March 1942

Jimi HendrixGuitarist

Music27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970

Werner HerzogDirector

Filmb. 5 September 1942

Rei KawakuboFashion Designer

Fashionb. 11 October 1942

Martin ScorseseFilm Director, Producer, Film Historian

Filmb. 17 November 1942

Terrence MalickDirector

Filmb. 30 November 1943

Joni MitchellSinger, Songwriter, Painter

Musicb. 7 November 1943

Yohji YamamotoFashion Designer

Fashionb. 3 October 1943

Peter ZumthorArchitect

Architectureb. 26 April 1943

Rem KoolhaasArchitect, Theorist

Architectureb. 17 November 1944

Sebastião SalgadoPhotographer

Photography8 February 1944 – 23 May 2025

Rainer Werner FassbinderDirector, Dramatist, Actor

Film31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982

Bob MarleySinger-Songwriter

Music6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981

Jean NouvelArchitect

Architectureb. 12 August 1945

Wim WendersDirector, Photographer, Screenwriter

Filmb. 14 August 1945

Marina AbramovićPerformance Artist, Artist

Artb. 30 November 1946

Claire DenisDirector

Filmb. 21 April 1946

Daniel LibeskindArchitect

Architectureb. 12 May 1946

David LynchDirector

Film20 January 1946 – 16 January 2025

Robert MapplethorpePhotographer

Photography4 November 1946 – 9 March 1989

Gianni VersaceFashion Designer

Fashion2 December 1946 – 15 July 1997

David BowieMusician, Singer, Actor

Music8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016

Erik SpiekermannType Designer, Typographer, Information Designer

Designb. 30 May 1947

Brian EnoMusician, Producer

Musicb. 15 May 1948

April GreimanGraphic Designer

Paula ScherGraphic Designer, Design Educator

Designb. 6 October 1948

Hiroshi SugimotoPhotographer

Photography · Artb. 23 February 1948

Pedro AlmodóvarDirector

Filmb. 25 September 1949

Tibor KalmanGraphic Designer

Design6 July 1949 – 2 May 1999

Annie LeibovitzPhotographer

Photographyb. 2 October 1949

Haruki MurakamiNovelist

Literatureb. 12 January 1949

Miuccia PradaFashion Designer

Fashionb. 10 May 1949

Philippe StarckIndustrial Designer

Designb. 18 January 1949

1950s29 entries

Chantal AkermanFilm Director, Screenwriter

Film6 June 1950 – 5 October 2015

Zaha HadidArchitect

Architecture31 October 1950 – 31 March 2016

Santiago CalatravaArchitect, Engineer

Architectureb. 28 July 1951

Jean-Paul GaultierFashion Designer

Fashionb. 24 April 1952

Ryuichi SakamotoComposer, Musician, Producer

Music17 January 1952 – 28 March 2023

David ChipperfieldArchitect

Architectureb. 18 December 1953

Nan GoldinPhotographer, Activist

Photographyb. 12 September 1953

Jane CampionDirector

Filmb. 30 April 1954

Anish KapoorSculptor

Artb. 12 March 1954

Susan KareGraphic Designer

Designb. 5 February 1954

Kengo KumaArchitect

Architectureb. 8 August 1954

Cindy ShermanPhotographer, Artist

Photography · Artb. 19 January 1954

Tim Berners-LeeComputer Scientist

Scienceb. 8 June 1955

David CarsonGraphic Designer

Designb. 8 September 1955

Kerry James MarshallPainter

Artb. 17 October 1955

Peter SavilleGraphic Designer, Art Director

Designb. 9 October 1955

Béla TarrDirector

Film21 July 1955 – 6 January 2026

Judith ButlerPhilosopher

Ideasb. 24 February 1956

Naoto FukasawaIndustrial Designer

Kazuyo SejimaArchitect

Architectureb. 29 October 1956

Ai WeiweiArtist, Activist

Artb. 28 August 1957

Shigeru BanArchitect

Architectureb. 5 August 1957

Michael BierutGraphic Designer

Neville BrodyGraphic Designer, Typographer, Art Director

Designb. 23 April 1957

Martin MargielaFashion Designer

Fashionb. 9 April 1957

Kenya HaraGraphic Designer, Design Theorist, Curator

PrinceMusician, Singer, Songwriter

Music7 June 1958 – 21 April 2016

Wong Kar-waiFilm Director, Screenwriter

Filmb. 17 July 1958

Jasper MorrisonIndustrial Designer

Designb. 19 November 1959

1960s20 entries

Jean-Michel BasquiatPainter

Art22 December 1960 – 12 August 1988

Irma BoomGraphic Designer, Book Designer

John GallianoFashion Designer

Fashionb. 28 November 1960

Zuzana LickoType Designer

Hirokazu Kore-edaDirector

Filmb. 6 June 1962

Stefan SagmeisterGraphic Designer, Typographer

Designb. 6 August 1962

Marc NewsonIndustrial Designer

Designb. 20 October 1963

Park Chan-wookDirector

Filmb. 23 August 1963

Chip KiddGraphic Designer

Designb. 12 September 1964

BjörkSinger, Composer

Musicb. 21 November 1965

Konstantin GrcicIndustrial Designer

Francis KéréArchitect

Architectureb. 10 April 1965

David AdjayeArchitect

Architectureb. 22 September 1966

Jonathan IveIndustrial Designer, Design Executive

Designb. 27 February 1967

Raf SimonsFashion Designer

Fashionb. 12 January 1968

Thom YorkeMusician, Singer, Songwriter

Musicb. 7 October 1968

Wes AndersonFilm Director, Screenwriter, Producer

Filmb. 1 May 1969

Bong Joon-hoFilm Director, Screenwriter

Filmb. 14 September 1969

Alexander McQueenFashion Designer

Fashion17 March 1969 – 11 February 2010

Kara WalkerArtist

Artb. 26 November 1969

1970s7 entries

Tobias Frere-JonesType Designer

Designb. 28 August 1970

Julie MehretuPainter

Artb. 28 November 1970

Sou FujimotoArchitect

Architectureb. 4 August 1971

Zanele MuholiPhotographer, Activist

Photography · Artb. 19 July 1972

Bjarke IngelsArchitect

Architectureb. 2 October 1974

Chimamanda Ngozi AdichieWriter, Novelist

Literatureb. 15 September 1977

Maryam MirzakhaniMathematician

Science12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017

1980s5 entries

Virgil AblohFashion Designer, Artist, DJ

Fashion · Design30 September 1980 – 28 November 2021

BeyoncéSinger, Songwriter

Musicb. 4 September 1981

Greta GerwigFilm Director, Actor

Filmb. 4 August 1983

Kendrick LamarRapper, Songwriter

Musicb. 17 June 1987

Frank OceanSinger, Songwriter

Musicb. 28 October 1987

1990s1 entry

Justin BieberSinger, Songwriter

Musicb. 1 March 1994

Undated15 entries

ArchimedesMathematician

Sciencec. 287 BC – c. 212 BC

AristotlePhilosopher

Ideasc. 384 BC – c. 322 BC

Augustine of HippoPhilosopher, Theologian

Ideas13 November 354 – 28 August 430

Marcus AureliusPhilosopher

Ideas26 April 121 – 17 March 180

AvicennaPhilosopher, Physician

Ideas · Science980 – 18 June 1037

ConfuciusPhilosopher

Ideas9 October 552 BC – 9 March 479 BC

EuclidMathematician

Sciencec. 4th century BC – c. 285 BC

Literaturec. 10th century BC – c. 9th century BC

HypatiaMathematician, Astronomer

Science360 – March 415

LaoziPhilosopher

Ideasc. 604 BC – c. 6th century BC

Literature20 March 43 BC – 17 AD

PlatoPhilosopher

Ideas7 May 427 BC – c. 347 BC

Literaturec. 7th century BC – c. 6th century BC

SocratesPhilosopher

Ideasc. 470 BC – 15 February 399 BC

Literature15 October 70 BC – 21 September 19 BC